Development of an Ultra-Low Energy Communication Protocol for 6G Networks: Integration with IoT and Wearable Technologies

Abstract

This paper develops and evaluates an ultra-low-energy communication protocol for 6G integration with IoT and wearable devices. The protocol combines energy harvesting support, lightweight data compression, and adaptive duty cycling to minimize radio on-time while preserving throughput and reliability. Experiments in a smart-city IoT testbed (1,000 nodes) and a wearable health-monitoring scenario (500 devices) show a 33.46% reduction in energy consumption versus a baseline 5G protocol and an increase in wearable battery life from 6.97 to 10.00 days. Average latency rises from 7.99 to 13.25 ms but remains below the 20 ms target for most IoT services, and reliability stays high (95.11%). These results indicate that ultra-low-energy protocols are feasible enablers for sustainable, scalable 6G IoT and wearable deployments.