Journal of Applied Research and Technology

Characterization of urban mobility in Bogotá: A spatial autocorrelation analysis

J. Pantoja, O. Melo, D. J. Rodríguez — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

This paper studies the variables influencing urban mobility in Bogotá's Urban Planning Zones (UPZs) through spatial autocorrelation analysis. Initially, data from various databases were compiled, covering 13 variables across 111 UPZs. A descriptive analysis identified significant variables, revealing a positive skewness trend. Higher social strata (4, 5, and 6) correlated with better mobility indices and more automobiles per family. The Moran Index showed strong spatial autocorrelation in mobility indices, indicating that nearby UPZs have similar mobility patterns. Areas like Suba and Usaquén, with better infrastructure, showed higher mobility indices, while Ciudad Bolívar and Usme had poor infrastructure and low mobility. The study highlights the correlation between mobility and factors like social strata, automobile numbers, and infrastructure, providing a foundation for future transport and urban planning policies.

Acoustic and thermal study of coconut fiber agglomerated with cassava starch

A. M. Quintero, A. X. Nieto, F. Orduña, S. Sánchez, N. Marín-Calvo — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 -0600

In this work, a thermal and acoustic study of specimens made from coconut fiber agglomerated with cassava starch is carried out. Sound absorption was measured in a transmission tube according to ISO 10534-2: 2001, in order to obtain the sound absorption coefficient (α). In addition, procedures described in ASTM E2611–19 were implemented to determine the sound transmission loss (STL). The results demonstrate the capacity of the tested specimen as a sound absorber, with absorption coefficients greater than 70% for a considerable range of frequencies starting at around 1000 Hz and above. Similarly, the thermal study of the material based on ASTM C-177 indicates an average thermal conductivity coefficient of 0,174 W/m.K, in a range of inlet temperatures between 52°C and 137°C, confirming that it has qualities that are similar to good thermal insulators, although still not comparable to some industrial materials.

Development and implementation of a microstrip antenna for autonomous vehicles and IoT in 5G communication systems

N. Q. Ali, A. J. Mohammed, H. T. S. ALRikabi, A. K. Aliwy, H. F. Khazaal — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

This research paper shows the design and implementation of a 5.8 GHz microstrip patch antenna (MPA). Experimental investigations have concluded that employing a 0.8 mm high Rogers Rt-duroid substrate along with an inset feeding technique produces optimal outcomes to fulfill the demands of 5G applications. The designed antenna demonstrates 8.09 dBi directivity, a 7.38 dB gain, and -20 dB return loss at its resonant frequency. To further verify the performance of antenna, it was fabricated and evaluated using the CST Microwave Studio program, a 3D simulation tool specifically designed for antenna design and parameter calculation

Ball mill energy efficiency optimization: A lifter face angle optimization approach

L. Maregedze, K. Chiteka, R. Masike, T. Kanyowa — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

On average, approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by grinding comminution industries is attributed to industrial ball mills, underscoring the urgent necessity to address this energy consumption challenge. This study investigates the influence of lifter face angle variations on the performance of ball mills in comminution processes. Through a combination of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations and experimental design, the study explores the effects of lifter face angle on energy efficiency, wear rates, and comminution effectiveness. Findings reveal that smaller lifter face angles result in increased scattering of ore particles within the mill, while larger angles lead to reduced wear and improved grindability of materials. The optimal lifter face angle is identified as approximately 24.8°, falling within the typical range used by industrial ball mill accessories manufacturers. An overall energy saving of 5.89% is achieved by using the optimum ball mill lifter face angle of 24.8°. Recommendations for future research include further exploration of optimal parameters, experimental validation of findings, and the development of advanced modelling techniques. By implementing these recommendations, the study aims to contribute to enhanced efficiency, durability, and sustainability in ball mill operations.

Social media advertisement for public disease prevention framework as an innovative tool: An approach using EFA and PLS-SEM

J. Mejía-Trejo — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

The article discusses Social Media Advertisement (SMA) as an innovative tool for Public Disease Prevention (PDP), emphasizing its cost-effectiveness and accessibility to small organizations. The study aims to highlight the importance of SMA platforms in emerging countries like Mexico and explores their potential as tools for PDP, addressing eight factors. The research follows a four-step methodology involving qualitative and quantitative approaches, leading to the development of a validated questionnaire. The study's theoretical framework integrates qualitative and quantitative methods, offering insights for strategic digital marketing planning, especially benefiting Mexican university students. The research fills a gap in studies related to Mexico and establishes a conceptual framework validated through PLS-SEM, contributing to both theory and practice in SMA for PDP. Future studies are encouraged to explore cross-cultural adaptation and advanced data analytics for a deeper understanding.

Influence of flow field and gas diffusion layer on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance

I. P. Sahu, M. K. Das, M. K. Soni, N. Agrawal, R. L. Himte, T. Ananat — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

In the present study, the flow field in the bi-polar plate and Gas diffusion layer (GDL) of 1.2 kW Nexa fuel cell (FC) training system having a serpentine flow field has been examined. The channel dimension and shape in the flow field of the bipolar/end plates have been examined. Pressure drop with hydrogen flow rate and channel length. For enormous hydrogen inputs, The optimal measurement is around 1.5, 1.5,, and 0.5 mm for the values of channel width, channel depth, and width of land, corresponding Research on the effect of channel designs revealed that semi-circular, rectangle and triangular-shaped and found The land width for triangular and semicircular-shaped are almost zero millimeters which increase the water vapor accumulation, due to which the losses increase. However there are very few losses in the polarization curve seen in the square cross-section because there is very l water vapor buildup. A GDL is an essential component of an FC. The three-dimensional model of the GDL is simulated using COMSOL metaphysics 4.2 and observed that increased porosity facilitated the entry of more reactants into the reaction side, resulting in increased current density. Low membrane thickness resulted from excessive current density in the membrane. Thicker GDL provides reactant species that raise the rate of consumption at the point where the catalytic layer and GDL interface. The outcomes of the simulation are contrasted with experimental data found in published works. The comparison demonstrates that the modeling outcomes and the experimental data agree quite well.

Synthesis and Characterization of tert-butyl 3-(((2-hydroxynaphthalen1-yl)methylene)amino)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine-1- carboxylate: A piperidine clubbed Boc protected versatile building block for multi functionalized chemical reactions

Pruthviraj K., Sunil K. — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 -0600

A novel fluorine containing Schiff base tert-butyl 3-(((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)amino)-4-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (RSB1) a possible potent reactive building block was synthesized by condensing fluorine bearing piperidine containing boc protected amine derivative with the 2hydroxy napthaldehyde using simple condensation method in good yield and high purity. Structure characterization of the title compound was done by, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and HRMS spectral analysis

Proposed theoretical approaches for cellular base station radiation level estimation in urban environments

S. K. AL-jaff, Rusul Musadaq, A. M. Khodayer, A. H. Sallomi — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

Increasing demand for cellular communication service forced service providers to improve their quality of service by increasing the number of base stations inside or in the proximity of populated areas. Consequently, the level of electromagnetic pollution is increased resulting in great concern about the probable health risk due to exposure to the base station radiations.

In order to estimate the possible health impact due to population exposure to cellular base station radiations, this paper presents two mathematical approaches suggested to evaluate the base station radiation level in terms of power density induced at the exposed objects. The first approach depends on the superposition theorem that considers radiations from all base stations surrounding the exposed object. The second approach uses a fluid model to study and estimate the power density received by the objects exposed to the cellular base station radiations in urban areas. Once the induced power density in the exposed human body is obtained, it is possible to evaluate the health effects, and the safety exposure limits can be set.

Investigating the impact of gamification on customer engagement, brand loyalty and purchase intent in marketing

S. Punwatkar, M. Verghese — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 -0600

Gamification has evolved as a potent method for engaging and motivating consumers in today's dynamic market scenario. This research report investigates the impact of gamification on customer purchasing intentions to determine its current relevance. This study investigates the subtle links between gamification aspects, user engagement, brand loyalty, and consumer purchasing intentions using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Gamification is an important technique in modern marketing approaches because of its capacity to captivate and incentivize people. The survey included 300+ individuals from Durg and Raipur, Chhattisgarh's two major districts, representing a broad demographic. The findings show that Gamification has a large indirect effect on Customer Engagement, which in turn affects Brand Loyalty and eventually shapes Customer Buying Intentions. This study emphasises the critical significance of gamification in altering customer behaviour and the relevance of promoting User Engagement and Brand Loyalty to drive purchasing decisions. Gamification strategy emerges as a powerful force in the contemporary marketing landscape, with the potential to affect the entire customer journey, as firms seek novel methods to connect with consumers.

Deep-learning framework for state of charge (SoC) estimation of electric vehicle batteries using a Pynq board

V. S. Vijaya Krishna V., N. Pappa, S. P. Joy Vasantha Rani — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 -0600

In recent years, carbon emissions are increasing worldwide due to excessive usage fossil fuels. To overcome these emissions, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become more prominent alternative. Li-ion batteries are used as primary component of energy storage systems for sustainable energy in response to rising global carbon gases. Battery Management System (BMS) in Electric Vehicles (EVs) is an important aspect and is indicated by two parameters called State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH). Of these two, SoC value is related to energy distribution, charging and discharging of batteries. Hence Estimating SoC value is of high important in BMS for optimum usage of batteries. Recent trends in Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning provides a way for new developments in algorithms for estimating SoC. At the same time, the use of programmable devices like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) for data processing applications provides acceleration in time and optimal use of hardware. Pynq boards which are Zynq dependent and one variant of FPGAs are capable of executing python programs directly on hardware. This paper focuses on developing different DNN architectures for estimating SoC of a Li-ion battery of an EV and realizing on Pynq Z2 board.